Optical Vibration Detection System and Method

ABSTRACT

A system includes at least one earpiece wherein each earpiece comprises an earpiece housing, a light source operatively connected to each earpiece housing and configured to transmit substantially coherent light toward an outer surface of a user&#39;s body, a light receiver operatively connected to the earpiece housing proximate to the light source and configured to receive reflected light from the outer surface of the user&#39;s body, and one or more processors disposed within the earpiece housing and operatively connected to the light source and light receiver, wherein one or more processors is configured to determine bone vibration measurements from the reflected light. A method of determining bone vibrations includes providing at least one earpiece, transmitting substantially coherent light toward an outer surface of a user&#39;s body using the earpiece, receiving reflected light from the outer surface of the user&#39;s body using the earpiece, and determining bone vibration measurements using the earpiece.

PRIORITY STATEMENT

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 62/359,023, filed on Jul. 6, 2016, and entitled Optical Vibration Detection System and Method, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to wearable devices. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to earpieces.

BACKGROUND

Detecting bone vibration can be an important function for wearable devices such as earpieces. Indeed, for some applications, detecting bone vibration can be a critical feature. Yet in some implementations, bone vibrations may affect the functioning of the wearable device such as causing signal distortion or possibly mechanical malfunctions thereby reducing the effectiveness of the earpiece. What is needed are new and innovative ways to measure bone vibrations in wearable devices such as wireless earpieces.

SUMMARY

Therefore, it is a primary object, feature, or advantage of the present invention to improve over the state of the art.

It is a further object, feature, or advantage of the present invention to detect and measure bone vibrations using an earpiece.

It is a still further object, feature, or advantage of the present invention to minimize the effects of mechanical disturbances on an earpiece related to bone vibrations.

Another object, feature, or advantage is to reduce the chances of a signal transmission or reception failure due to earpiece vibrations.

Yet another object, feature, or advantage is to minimize the need to attenuate signals.

In one implementation, a system includes at least one earpiece, wherein each earpiece includes an earpiece housing, a light source operatively connected to the earpiece housing and configured to transmit light toward an outer surface of a user's body, wherein the light source is substantially coherent, a light receiver operatively connected to the earpiece housing proximate to the light source configured to receive reflected light from the light transmitted to the outer surface of the user's body, and at least one processor disposed within the earpiece housing and operatively connected to the light source and the light receiver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine bone vibration measurements from the reflected light.

One or more of the following features may be included. One or more earpieces may comprise a set of earpieces. The light source may transmit the light intermittently toward the outer surface of the user's body. The light source may be transmitted toward multiple points on the outer surface of the user's body. The light receiver may be further configured to receive the reflected light from multiple points on an outer surface of the user's body. The light source and light receiver may comprise a laser Doppler vibrometer. The bone vibration measurements may comprise either the velocity or the displacement patterns of one or more bone vibrations.

In another implementation, a method of determining bone vibrations includes providing at least one earpiece, transmitting, via a light source, light toward an outer surface of a user's body, wherein the light is substantially coherent, receiving, via a light receiver, reflected light from the light transmitted to the outer surface of the user's body, and determining, via at least one processor, bone vibration measurements from the reflected light.

One or more of the following features may be included. One or more earpieces may comprise a set of earpieces. The light source may transmit the light intermittently toward the outer surface of the user's body. The light source may be transmitted toward multiple points on the outer surface of the user's body. The light receiver may be further configured to receive the reflected light from multiple points on an outer surface of the user's body. The light source and light receiver may comprise a laser Doppler vibrometer. The bone vibration measurements may comprise either the velocity or the displace pattern of one or more bone vibrations. One or more processors may modify a signal based on the bone vibration measurements. The signal may be an audio signal. One or more output devices may transmit a signal configured to neutralize the bone vibrations. One or more output device may also transmit the bone vibration measurements to an external electronic device.

One or more of these and/or other objects, features, or advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the specification and claims that follow. No single embodiment need provide each and every object, feature, or advantage. Different embodiments may have different objects, features, or advantages. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to or by an object, feature, or advantage stated herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram regarding one embodiment of an earpiece.

FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of a right earpiece.

FIG. 3 illustrates the light source and the light receiver.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of one example of the earpiece.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an implementation of a method of determining bone vibrations.

FIG. 6 is another flow chart of an implementation of a method of determining bone vibrations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system 10 comprising at least one earpiece 12 wherein each earpiece 12 comprises an earpiece housing 14, a light source 16 operatively connected to the earpiece housing, a light receiver 18 operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14, and one or more processors 20 operatively connected to the light source 16 and light receiver 18. One or more earpieces may comprise a set of earpieces with a left earpiece and a right earpiece. The light source 16 operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14 is configured to transmit light toward an outer surface of a user's body such as a surface within the external auditory canal. The light used may be of any frequency or amplitude and need not be discernable to a human eye, but preferably should be substantially coherent. Also, any electromagnetic wave that at least partially reflects off of the outer surface of the user's body may be substituted for light so long as the electromagnetic waves used are substantially coherent. In addition, a laser may be used as the light source as well. A light receiver 18 operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14 proximate to the light source 16 is configured to receive reflected light from the outer surface of the user's body. The reflected light received by the light receiver 18 may be received continuously or discretely, and the light receiver 18 may also receive other electromagnetic waves if necessary. For example, the light receiver 18 may receive both light from the light source 16, wherein the light from the light source is used as a reference, and reflected light from the outer surface of the user's body to be combined with the light 22 via interference. An intelligent control system which may include one or more processors 20 then determines whether any bone vibrations are present using the reflected light data from the light receiver 18 and if so determines data related to the bone vibrations. One or more processors 20 may receive the reflected light data from the light receiver continuously or discretely, and need not consider every piece of data. One or more processors 20 may use the bone vibration determinations to correct other signals that the earpiece 12 may be receiving or even to correct discrepancies related to the transmission of sound to a user's tympanic membranes the earpiece may be providing.

FIG. 2 shows a right earpiece 12B inserted into a user's ear having a light source 16 and a light receiver 18. The right earpiece 12B may be configured to fit comfortably within a user's ear canal 48 so as to both minimize the amount of external sound reaching the user's ear canal 48 and to facilitate the transmission of sounds to a user's tympanic membrane 50. Ideally, the outer surface of the user's body 26 will be the inside of a user's external auditory canal 48, but the light 22 may be directed at any open surface on the user's body. Positioning the light source 16 and the light receiver 18 inside the user's external auditory canal 48 has three distinct advantages. One, the inside of the user's ear canal 48 contains little if no external light, allowing easier and more accurate measurements by the light receiver 18. Two, the inside of the user's ear canal 48 allows easy access to areas close to a user's skull to measure bone vibrations. Three, the distances between the light source 16 and the outer surface of a user's body 26 in the user's ear canal 48 are approximately the same for each prospective user, allowing for substantially accurate bone vibration calculations.

FIG. 3 illustrates the light source 16 and light receiver 18 and surfaces of an ear. A light source 16 transmits light 22 toward an outer surface of the user's body 26. The light 22 transmitted by the light source 16 should be substantially coherent. Also, the light source 16 should preferably not be directed toward a point where the vibrations move perpendicularly to the light source 16, or vibration calculations may not be obtainable. A light receiver 18 receives reflected light 24 from the outer surface of the user's body 26, which is combined with light 22 from the light source 16 to create interference. The interference information is transmitted to one or more processors 20 inside the earpiece 12B, which determines bone vibration data from the interference readings. The bone vibration data may include velocity, displacement, or anything else that may be beneficial to the ideal functioning of the earpiece 12B.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an earpiece 12 having an earpiece housing 14, a light source 16 operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14, a light receiver 18 proximate to the light source 16 and disposed within or otherwise operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14, at least one LED 28 operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14, one or more microphones 32 operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14, one or more output devices 34 operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14, at least one sensor 36 operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14. The at least one sensor may include one or more physiological sensors 38 such as heart rate sensors, pulse oximeters, temperature sensors, or other types of physiological sensors. The at least one sensor may also include one or more inertial sensors 42, 44. A gesture control interface 46 with at least one emitter 52 and at least one detector 54 is operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14. The gesture control interface may use optical transmitters or receivers, capacitive field sensing or other methodologies. A transceiver 56 is disposed within the earpiece 12, a radio transceiver 58 is disposed within the earpiece 12, and a battery 30 disposed within the earpiece 12. A processor 20 is disposed within the earpiece 12 and operatively connected to various of the aforementioned components. The earpiece 12 may be composed of metal, plastic, a combination of the two, or any other material suitable for human use and may be configured to be waterproof.

A light source 16 may be operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14 and may be configured to transmit light of any frequency or wavelength as long as the light is substantially coherent. For this reason, the light source 16 is ideally a laser, though any light source 16 capable of creating substantially coherent light may be used. Also, an acousto-optic modulator (a.k.a. a Bragg cell) may be incorporated into the light source 16 to determine the direction of any bone vibrations. The light source may transmit the light continuously or in pulses and may transmit the light at different locations on the outer surface of the user's body.

A light receiver 18 is proximate to the light source 16 and operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14. The light receiver 18 may receive, in addition to reflected light from the outer surface of the user's body, light from the light source to use as a reference in determining the frequency of the reflected light used to determine bone vibration information. The proximity of the light receiver 18 to the light source 16 need not be a certain length, though ideally the light receiver is very close to the light source 16 due to the proximity of the outer surface of the user's body to the light source 16. Also, a laser Doppler vibrometer may be used in place of the light source 16 and the light receiver 18 to ascertain bone vibrations. In a laser Doppler vibration setup, a laser is used as the light source, which is split into a reference beam and a measurement beam by a beamsplitter, wherein the reference beam is beamed through an acousto-optic modulator in order to create a frequency shift in which to ascertain a direction of the bone vibrations. The measurement beam is then beamed at the target location, which is directly reflected back in the direction of the measurement beam and then split by a beamsplitter toward a detector, where it merges with the reference beam to create interference. The detector determines the velocity from the frequency shift and interference patterns of the combined measurement and reference beam, which may be used to determine the displacement lengths of any bone vibrations that may be present.

The LEDs 28 operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14 may be configured to emit light in order to convey information to a user concerning the earpiece 12. The LEDs 28 may be located in any area on the earpiece 12 suitable for viewing by the user or a third party and may consist of as few as one diode which may be provided in combination with a light guide. In addition, the LEDs 28 may be discernable by a human eye or an electronic device and need not have a minimum luminescence.

One or more microphones 32 may be operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14 and may be configured to receive sounds from one or more sources, including the user, a third party, a machine, an animal, another earpiece, another electronic device, or even nature itself.

The sounds received by one or more microphones 32 may include a word, combination of words, a sound, combinations of sounds, or any combination of the aforementioned. The sounds may be of any frequency and need not be audible to the user and may be used to reconfigure one or more components of the earpiece 12. For example, the user or third party may modify a default value used to calculate a bone vibration via a voice command, such as the distance between the light source and the outer surface of the user's body, or one or more microphones may pick up on sounds emanating from the user which may be used to correct measurement errors by the light receiver 18.

One or more output devices 34 operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14 may be configured to transmit sounds received from one or more microphones 32, the transceiver 56, or the radio transceiver 58 or even a data storage device 60. One or more output devices 34 may transmit information related to the operations of the earpiece 12 or information queried by the user or a third party to outside sources. For example, an output device 34 may transmit a signal related to bone vibration data to an external electronic device. The bone vibration data may be used by a medical professional for diagnostic purposes, a user for technical or personal purposes, or a third party for scientific, technical, or other purposes. In addition, an output device 34 may transmit an audio signal configured to neutralize any bone vibrations the earpiece 12 encounters.

One or more microphones 32 may be operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14 and may be configured to obtain additional bone vibration data that the light source 16 or the light receiver 18 may not be configured for. For example, the microphones may include an air microphone and a bone microphone which may be used to detect bone vibrations via pressure disturbances in the user's ear canal. The one or more inertial sensors 42 and 44 may be used to determine motion data related to the user's head and neck regions to be used to modify one or more readings of the light detector 18 or even to ascertain one or more variables of the bone vibration determination.

The gesture control interface 46 operatively connected to the earpiece housing 14 is configured to allow a user additional control over the earpiece 12. The gesture control interface 46 includes at least one emitter 52 and at least one detector 54 to detect gestures from either the user, a third party, an instrument, or a combination of the aforementioned and transmit one or more signals related to one or more gestures to one or more processors 20. The gestures that may be used with the gesture control interface 46 to control the earpiece 12 include, without limitation, touching, tapping, swiping, use of an instrument, or any combination of the aforementioned gestures. Touching gestures used to control the earpiece 12 may be of any duration and may include the touching of areas that are not part of the gesture control interface 46. Tapping gestures used to control the earpiece 12 may include any number of taps and need not be brief. Swiping gestures used to control the earpiece 12 may include a single swipe, a swipe that changes direction at least once, a swipe with a time delay, a plurality of swipes, or any combination of the aforementioned. An instrument used to control the earpiece 12 may be electronic, biochemical or mechanical, and may interface with the gesture control interface 46 either physically or electromagnetically.

One or more processors 20 is operatively connected to each component within the earpiece 12 and may be configured, in addition to transmitting and receiving signals from either the light source 16 or the light receiver 18, signals from one or more microphones 32, one or more sensors 36, the transceiver 56, or the radio transceiver 58. One or more processors may also be configured to use any information received from one or more microphones 32, one or more sensors 36, the transceiver 56, or the radio transceiver 58 in addition to information from the light receiver 18 to assist in the determination of any bone vibration data that may be relevant. One or more processors 20 may be reconfigured by the user or a third party through the use of one or more microphones 32, the gestural control interface 46, or by an electronic signal received from the transceiver 56 or the radio transceiver 58. Reconfigurations may include what bone vibration measurements to determine, the distance between the light source 16 and the outer surface of the user's body to use, or how often to measure a user's bone vibrations.

The transceiver 56 disposed within the earpiece 12 may be configured to receive signals from and to transmit signals to a second earpiece of the user if the user is using more than one earpiece. The transceiver 56 may receive or transmit more than one signal simultaneously. The transceiver 56 may be of any number of types including a near field magnetic induction (NFMI) transceiver.

The radio transceiver 58 disposed within the earpiece 12 may be configured to receive signals from external electronic devices and to transmit those signals to one or more processors 20. The external electronic devices the radio transceiver 58 may be configured to receive signals from include Bluetooth devices, mobile devices, desktops, laptops, tablets, modems, routers, communications towers, cameras, watches, third-party earpieces, earpieces, or other electronic devices capable of transmitting or receiving wireless signals. The radio transceiver 58 may receive or transmit more than one signal simultaneously.

One or more speakers 39 may also be present and may be operatively connected to the one or more processors 20 for transducing audio.

The battery 30 should provide enough power to operate an earpiece 12 for a reasonable duration of time. The battery 30 may be of any type suitable for powering an earpiece 12. However, the battery 30 need not be present in an earpiece 12. Alternative battery-less power sources, such as thermal harvesters that produce energy from differences between the user's or a third party's skin or internal body temperature and the ambient air, solar apparatuses which generate energy from the photovoltaic effect, or sensors configured to receive energy from radio waves (all of which are operatively connected to one or more earpieces 12) may be used to power the earpiece 12 in lieu of a battery 30.

FIG. 5 illustrates one implementation of a method for determining bone vibrations with an earpiece 100. In step 102, at least one earpiece is provided. The earpiece may be provided to the user or a third party. In step 104, the light source transmits light toward an outer surface of the user's body. The transmission may be performed continuously or discretely, and the transmission need not target the same spot on the outer surface of the user's body. Also, any electromagnetic wave that is both substantially coherent and at least partially reflects off of the outer surface of the user's body may be substituted for light. A laser may be substituted for the light source as well. In step 106, a light receiver receives reflected light from the outer surface of the user's body. The reception may be continuous or discrete, and the light receiver may also be configured to receive reflected light from different points on the outer surface. In step 108, one or more processors use the reflected light data to determine whether any bone vibrations are present and if so determine any relevant data associated with the bone vibrations. For example, the bone vibrations may be indicative of speech by a user and thus relevant data may include an audio signal of the user. One or more processors may receive the reflected light data from the light receiver continuously or discretely, and need not consider every piece of data. One or more processors may use the bone vibration determinations to correct for any other signals that the earpiece may be receiving or even to correct for any transmission of sound to a user's tympanic membranes the earpiece may be providing. Thus, audio signals associated with bone vibrations may be received and interpreted. It is to be understood that a number of different techniques may be applied to identify and separate the different bone vibrations may be used. For example, filtering for may be used to identify or isolate bone vibrations associated with audio.

FIG. 6 illustrates another implementation of the method for determining bone vibrations with an earpiece 200. The first four steps of the method are largely identical to the method shown in FIG. 5, but some additional steps are added. In step 210, one or more processors modifies a signal either transmitted or received by the earpiece. The signal may be an audio signal from the user, an electromagnetic signal (for example an AM or FM radio wave), or even a gesture received by the gesture control interface. In step 212, regardless of whether step 210 has been carried out, an output device may transmit an audio signal configured to neutralize any bone vibrations present within the user. The transmission of the audio signal is ideally continuous, but may be discrete or intermittent as well. In step 214, regardless of whether steps 210 or 212 have been carried out, the output device transmits the bone vibration measurements to an external electronic device. The transmission of the bone vibration measurements may be used for purposes of medical diagnosis, medical treatment, or analysis, wherein the analysis may be scientifically or technically related to the user or the earpiece.

Therefore, various apparatus, methods, and systems have been shown and described. Although specific embodiments are shown, the present invention contemplates numerous variations, additions, options, and alternatives including different types of light sources, different types of light receivers, and other variations. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: at least one earpiece, wherein each earpiece comprises an earpiece housing; a light source operatively connected to the earpiece housing and configured to transmit light toward an outer surface of a user's body, wherein the light source is substantially coherent; a light receiver operatively connected to the earpiece housing proximate to the light source configured to receive reflected light from the light transmitted to the outer surface of the user's body; and at least one processor disposed within the earpiece housing and operatively connected to the light source and the light receiver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine bone vibration measurements from the reflected light.
 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one earpiece comprises a set of earpieces.
 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the light source transmits the light intermittently toward the outer surface of the user's body.
 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the light source transmits the light toward multiple points on the outer surface of the user's body.
 5. The system of claim 4 wherein the light receiver is further configured to receive the reflected light from multiple points on the outer surface of the user's body.
 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the light source and the light receiver comprise a laser Doppler vibrometer.
 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the bone vibration measurements comprise the velocity of at least one bone vibration.
 8. The system of claim 7 wherein the bone vibration measurements further comprise the displacement pattern of the at least bone vibration.
 9. A method of determining bone vibrations comprising: providing an earpiece; transmitting, via a light source of the earpiece, light toward an outer surface of a user's body, wherein the light is substantially coherent; receiving, via a light receiver of the earpiece, reflected light from the light transmitted to the outer surface of the user's body; and determining, via at least one processor of the earpiece, bone vibration measurements from the reflected light.
 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the light source transmits the light intermittently toward the outer surface of the user's body.
 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the light source transmits the light toward multiple points on the outer surface of the user's body.
 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the light receiver is further configured to receive the reflected light from multiple points on the outer surface of the user's body.
 13. The method of claim 9 wherein the light source and the light receiver comprise a laser Doppler vibrometer.
 14. The method of claim 9 wherein the bone vibration measurements comprise the velocity of at least one bone vibration.
 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the bone vibration measurements comprise the displacement pattern of the at least one bone vibration.
 16. The method of claim 9 further comprising modifying a signal using the at least one processor based on the bone vibration measurements.
 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the signal comprises an audio signal.
 18. The method of claim 9 further comprising transmitting an audio signal configured to neutralize the bone vibrations using an output speaker.
 19. The method of claim 9 further comprising transmitting the bone vibration measurements to an external electronic device. 